PSG has now won the prestigious cup on fourteen separate occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past Marseille in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown between the French league winners and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele found the net early on.
However, Marseille fired two times in the closing moments to seize a shock advantage. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital leveler in the final seconds to force the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for PSG to complete a convincing penalty win.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the last 13 years.